T female (two,463). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0088589.gof triglyceride ( = triacylglycerol, TAG) synthesis in eukaryotes [38]. This transcript had partial overlap with three C. finmarchicus ESTs (Accession Nos. FK670374, FG632581, FK867624). The highest expression levels of this transcript had been observed in adult females (.one hundred RPKM) and in embryos (, 60 RPKM), with moderate/low levels noticed in late copepodites (stage CV, , 9 RPKM; Table 7). Expression in all other stages was beneath 1 RPKM (Figure 9A). This expression pattern is constant with lipid storage linked with egg production. Three other acyltransferases (comp66316, comp70420, comp73859) showed peak expression in embryos and adult females (20 to 40 RPKM, Table 7). Other expression patterns with developmental stages amongst the acyltransferases incorporated equivalent expression across all samples, or broad expression peaks across 3 to four stages (Table 7). The other two transcripts showed much more intense patterns with expression levels in late copepodites (stage CV) at 200 and 700 RPKM, respectively (Figure 9B,C). One of these transcripts, comp35445 was annotated as an elongase. Lipid-rich stage CVPLOS 1 | plosone.orgcopepodites collected within the Gulf of Maine in July are presumably preparing to enter diapause [9,37,39]. This requires the synthesis of wax esters, formed from fatty acids largely derived from the diet program, and esterified with fatty alcohols synthesized de novo, the latter step involving chain elongation [40]. This elongase had assistance from two non-overlapping ESTs (ELOV4: Accession No. ES387246, and unidentified: ES387223), which had been identified inside a prior study as up-regulated in shallow (actively preparing for diapause) vs. deep (presumably diapausing) pre-adult C. finmarchicus [9]. Our results are constant using the pattern of up-regulation described by Tarrant utilizing subtractive hybridization [9]. In addition, our information recommend that this elongase is hugely expressed within the pre-adult stage, but not inside the other developmental stages examined here. Thus, this elongase may possibly be involved within the regulation of diapause, as it catalyzes the synthesis of very lengthy chain fatty acids, which, offered the timing of its expression, would most likely contribute to an increase in total lipid storage in sub-adult folks preparing to enter diapause. A similar up-regulation ofCalanus finmarchicus De Novo TranscriptomeTable 6. Comps encoding predicted transcripts involved in lipid biosynthesis as annotated by Blast2GOpound Fatty Acid Synthase comp211898 comp221683 comp3745601 comp716955 comp915320 Desaturase comp56062 comp718898 comp546275 Elongase comp354453 comp712314 comp139521 comp25729 comp140341 comp100109_ comp139813 comp767531 comp854733 comp82975 comp296905 Acyl-CoA synthetase comp65215 Phospholipid acyltransferase comp738595 comp248238 comp432493 comp153426 comp277807 comp342802 comp220465 comp469788 compAnnotationE.1416444-91-1 Chemscene C.6-Bromoquinoline-3-carbaldehyde web numberL (bp)Top Hit speciesAccession #E-valuepalmitoyl-protein thioesterase 1 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydratase two 3-oxoacyl-acyl-carrier-protein synthase mitochondrial 3-oxoacyl-acyl-carrier-protein reductase acyl-coenzyme a thioesterase mitochondrial3.PMID:25040798 1.two.22 1.1.1.35 2.3.1.41 1.1.1.100 3.1.2.1103 825 1425 994Acyrthosiphon pisum Ascaris suum Camponotus floridanus Lepeophtheirus salmonis Ascaris suumXP_001951992 ADY48993 EFN63787 ADD38528 ADY1.79E-58 3.08E-45 7.24E-109 2.18E-65 three.08E-delta-9 desaturase stearoyl-CoA desaturase (delta-9-desaturase) delta-6 fatty aci.